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Muslim Rulers
The Umayyad state
Emirs
- Abd al-Rahman I
(755-788)
- Hisham I
(788-796)
- Al-Hakam I
(796-822)
- Abd al-Rahman II
(822-852)
- Muhammad I
(852-886)
- Al-Mundir
(886-888)
- Abd Allah
(888-912)
- Abd al-Rahman III
(912-929)
Caliphs
- Abd al-Rahman III (929-961)
- Al-Hakam II al-Mustansir (961-976)
- Hisham II al-Muayyad (976-1009, 1010-1013)
- Muhammad II al-Mahdi (1008-1010). A great-grand-son of Abd al-Rahman
III.
- Sulayman ibn al-Hakan ibn Sulayman al-Mustain (1009-1010, 1013-1016)
- Alí ibn Hammud (1016-1018)
- Abd al-Rahman IV (1018)
- Al-Qasim ibn Hammud (1018-1021, 1023)
- Yahya ibn Alí ibn Hammud (1021-1023, 1025-1027)
- Abd al-Rahman V (1023-1024)
- Muhammad III (1024-1025)
- Hisham III (1027-1031)
Viziers of note:
- Muhammad Al-Mansur ibn Abi Amir (976-1002)
- Adb al-Malik Al-Muzaffar (1002-1008)
Taifa Kingdoms
This is a list of most of the Taifa Kingdoms (Collins, 1983; Fletcher, 1992;
Menéndez, 1934;
Kennedy, 1996).
I can't guarantee if it is complete. I've taken the Arabic names for the
Tailfas from the excellent Al-Andalus
site.
Albarracin (Sahla Banu Razin)
The modern name of Albarracin
is based on the name of the original rulers. Also called Santa Maria de
Oriente.
Rulers
- Banu Razín (1012-1104). Andalusian Berbers of the Hawwara tribe.
- Hudayl ibn Jalaf ibn Razin Izz al-Dawla (1012-1044)
- Abd al-Malik Husam al-Dawla (1044-1103)
- Yahya Husam al-Dawla (1103-1104)
- Conquered by Murabitun (1104)
Algeciras (Al
Djazira al hadrá)
Rulers
Almeria (Al-Mariyya)
Rulers
Alpuente (Al-Sahla)
Modern name is Alpuente.
Rulers
- Arab Banu Qasim
(1008-1092)
- Abd allah ibn Qasim Nizam al-Dawla (1008-1030)
- Yumn al-Dawla (1030-1042)
- Adud al-Dawla ó 'izz al-Dawla (1042-1043)
- Muhammad (1043-1049)
- Yanah al-Dawla ó Nizam al-Dawla (1049-1092)
- Conquered by Murabitun
Arcos de la Frontera
Rulers
- Banu Khizrun (1011-1069). Zanata Berbers.
- Muhammad ibn Khizrun imad al-Dawla (1011-1029)
- Abdun (1029-1053)
- Al-Gaim (1053-1069)
- Annexed by Seville (1069)
Badajos (Batalyaws)
Rulers
- Sabur al-Saqlabi (Sabur the Slav) (1012-1022). The civil governor who continued to wield power when the
central government collapsed.
- Banu Aftas (1022-1094). Andalusian Berbers
- Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Maslama ibn al-Aftas al-Mansur (1022-1045)
- Muhammad ibn Abd Allah Al-Muzaffar (1045-1068)
- Al-Mansur (1068-1072)
- Umar ibn Muhammad Al-Mutawakkil (1072-1094)
- Conquered by Murabitun (1094)
Calatrava
Arab
(Fletcher, 1992)
Carmona (Karmuna)
Rulers
- Banu Birzal (1013-1067). Berbers of the
Zanata tribe.
- Abd Allah ibn Ishaaq al-Birzali (1013-1023)
- Muhammad ibn abd Allah ibn Birzal (1023-1042)
- Ishaq (1042-1052)
- Al-Mustazhir (1052-1067)
- Annexed by Seville (1067)
Ceuta (Sabta)
Berber
Ruled by the Berberised Banu Hammudi princes - descendents
of the Prophet (Menéndez, 1934)
Rulers
Córdoba (Qurtuba)
Córdoba was a the seat the last vestige of the Umayyad
Caliphate before being replaced in 1031 by a republican government under
leadership of Andalusian Arab Banu Jahwar.
Rulers of Republican state
- Banu Jahwar (1031-1070)
- Abu hazm Jahwar ibn Muhammad ibn Jahwar (1031-1043)
- Muhammad ibn Jahwar al-Rashid (1043-1063)
- Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad al-Mansur (1063-1070)
- Annexed by Seville (
Denia (Daniyya)
A Slav
kingdom that included Denia on the mainland and the
Balearic Islands.
Rulers:
- Mujahid al-Amiri al-Muwaffaq (1014-1044). A
slave who rose to military power under Al-Mansur.
- Iqbal al-Dawla (1044-1076). The son of
Mujahid al-Amiri.
- Annexed by Zaragoza (1076-1082)
Granada
(Gharnata)
Rulers
- Banu Ziri (1014-1090). Berbers of the Sanhaja tribal
confederation.
- Zawi ibn Ziri (1014-1019). Returned to
Africa in 1019.
- Habbus
ibn Maksan ibn Ziri al-Muzaffar
(1019-1038). Nephew of Zawi.
- Badis ibn Habbus (1038-1077)
- Abd Allah ibn Buluggin ibn Badis (1077-1090)
- Conquered by Murabitun
-
- Banu Nasrid (1354-1491)
- Muhammad V (1354-1359, 1362-1391)
- Yusuf II ibn Muhammad (1391-1392)
- Muhammad VII ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad
(1392-1408)
- Yusuf III ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (1408-1417)
- Muhammad VIII ibn Yusuf ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad
(1417-1419, 1427-1429)
- Muhammad IX Uthman ibn Nasr ibn Muhammad
(1419-1427; 1430-1431)
- Yusuf (1431-1432, 1432-1445, 1447-1457). Not
a Nasrid.
- Muhammad X (1445-1447)
- Muhammad XI ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Yusuf ibn
Muhammad (1448-1454)
- Saad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (1454-1462,
1462-1464)
- Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Saad (1464-1485)
- Muhammad XII 'Boabdil' ibn Abu al-Hassan
(1482-1491)
- Muhammad XIII al-Zagalibn Saad
(1485-??). Uncle and rivil emir of Muhammad XII.
Heulva (Walba)
Banu Bahris.
Rulers
- Izz al-Dalwa (1012-1051). Yahsub Andalusian
Arabs.
- Annexed by Seville (1051)
Jaen (Djayyan)
Annexed by Seville in 1074 (Fletcher, 1992).
Lerida
Arab
Banu Hud
(Menéndez, 1934).
Málaga (Malaka)
Berber.
Ruled by the Berberised Banu Hammudi princes - descendents
of the Prophet. Initially
included Málaga, Tánger, Ceuta and Ronda, and
Algeciras. Algeciras became independent sometime in the reign of Mohamed
I.
Rulers ??
-
Yahya bin Ali (c.1014-1027)
-
Idris I (1027-1039). Brother of Yahya.
-
Idris II (1039-1055). Nephew of Idris
I.
-
Mohamed I (1046-1053) in Málaga
only. Son of Idris I.
-
Mohamed II (1055 to 1057). Brother of Mohamed I
and 4th son of Idris I.
-
Annexed by Granada.
Mallorca
Includes all the Balearic Islands.
Rulers
- Annexed by Denia (1014-1044)
- ??
- Independent Amirs (1076-1114)
- Abd allah al-Murtada (1076-1093)
- Mubashir ibn Sulayman (1093-1114)
- Conquered by Catalans (1114-1115)
- Conquered by Murabitun
Mértola
Berber
Annexed by
Seville in 1044 (Fletcher, 1992).
Morón (Mawrur)
Rulers
- Banu Dammar (1013-1066). Zanata Berbers
- Abu Tuzirí al-Dammar (??-1013)
- Nuh ibn abí Tuzirí al-Dammar (1013-1041)
- Izz al-Dawla (1041-1053)
- Imad al-Dawla (1053-1066)
- Annexed by Seville (1066)
Murcia (Mursiyya)
Slav then Andalusian Arab.
Rulers
- Part of Slav Almeria (1012-1038)
- Banu Tahir (1038-1063). Andalusian Arab family.
- Abu Bakr ibn Tahir (1038-1063)
- Abu abd al-Rahman al-Tahir (1063-1078
- Annexed by Seville (1078-1091)
- Ibn Ammar (1078-1081)
- Ibn Rasiq (1081-1091)
- Conquered by Murabitun (1091)
Niebla (Labla)
Andalusian Arab
Rulers
- Ahmad al-Yahsubí al-Dawla (1023-1041)
- Izz al-Dawla (1041-1051)
- Násir al-Dawla (1051-1053)
-
Annexed by Seville (1053)
Ronda
(Runda)
Rulers
Saltes
Annexed by Seville in 1051.
Santa Maria de Algarve
Andalusian Arab.
Rulers
- Said Ibn Harun (1016-1041).
- Al-muta'sim
(1041-1057). His son.
- Annexed by Seville.
Seville (Ishbiliya)
Rulers
- Triumvirate including Muhammad ibn
Ismail ibn Abbad (??-1023)
- Banu Abbad (1023-1091). Andalusian Arab.
- Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Abbad (1023-1042)
- Al-Mutadid, Abbad ibn Muhammad (1042-1069).
- Al-Mutamid, Muhammad ibn Abbad
(1069-1091).
- Conquered by Murabitun
Silves (Cheilb)
Andalusian Arab Banu Mozzain.
Rulers
- El Hayíbisa ibn Muhammad (??-1040)
- Amid al-Dawla (1040-1048)
- Ísa ibn Muzayn al-Muzaffar (1048-1053)
- Al-Nasir (1053-1058)
- Al-Muzaffar (1058-1063)
-
Annexed by Seville (1063)
Toledo (Tulaytula)
Banu Dhi-I-Nun, Andalusian Berbers of the Hawwara tribe.
Rulers
- Yaish ibn Muhamma ibn Yaish al-Qadi (1009-1018).
- Banu Dhi-I-Nun (1018-1085)
- Ismail ibn Dhi-I-Nun (1018-1044)
- Yahya ibn Ismail al-Mamun (1044-1075).
- Yahya ibn Hisham ibn Yahya al-Qadir (1075-1080, 1081-1085)
- Conquered by Alfonso VI of Castile (1085)
Tortosa (Turtusha)
Slav
Rulers
- Muqatil (??)
- Labib I ó Nabil al-Amiri (??)
- Muyahid of Denia (??)
- Muqatil (1041-1053)
- Yala (1053-1057)
- Labib II Nabil (1057-1060)
- Annexed by Zaragoza (1060-1082)
Tudela (Tutila)
Arab
Banu
(Menéndez, 1934).
Valencia
(Balansiyya)
Rulers
- Slav period
- Al-Mubarak
(1010-1018). Local bureaucrat.
- Al-Muzzafar (1018-1022). Another local bureaucrat
- Abd al-Aziz ibn Sanchuelo ibn al-Mansur (1021-1061) Grandson of
Al-Mansur.
- Abd al-Malik (1061-1065)
- Annexed by Al-Mamun of Toledo (1065-1075)
- Abu Bakr ibn abd al-Aziz 1075-1085
- Utman ibn abi Bakr 1085-1086
- Al-Qadir (1086-1092). Ex-emir of Toledo.
- The qadí ibn Yahhaf (1092-1094)
- El Cid (1094-1102)
- Conquered by Murabitun (1102-1145)
- The qadi Marwan ibn Abd al-Aziz (1145)
- Ibn Iyad (1145-1146)
- Sayf al-Dawla ibn Hud al-Mustansir (1146)
- Muhammad ibn Sad ibn Mardanish (1146-1172)
- Conquered by Almohades
Zaragoza (Sarakusta)
Rulers
- Banu Tujibi (1018-1039). Local
bosses who kept control.
- Al-Mundhir I ibn Yahya al-Tujibi (1018-1021)
- Yahya ibn al-Mundhir (1021-1029)
- Al-Mundhir II ibn Yahya ibn al-Mundhir (1029-1039)
- Adb Allah ibn al-Hakam al-Tjibi (1039)
- Banu Hud (1039-1110). A rival
local family took over.
- Al-Mustain I, Sulayman ibn Hud al-Judhami (1039-1049)
- Ahmad ibn Sulayman al-Muqtadir
(1049-1082). Son of Sulayman.
- Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Mutamin (1082-1085). Son of Al-Muqtadir.
- Al-Mustain II, Ahmad ibn Yusuf (1085-1110)
- Conquered by Murabitun (1110-1118).
- Conquered by Aragonese (1118).
Moroccan fundamentalists
Almoravids (al-Murabitun) 1086 - 1147
The most likely origin of the name al-Murabitun is "band of
fighters" based on a line in the Quran. An alternative meaning
is "dwellers in a ribat (fortress monastery)". They
were also called al-Mulathimun ("the veiled ones") due to their habit
of wearing veils that only left their eyes visible.
Rulers
- Yusuf ibn Tashufín (1061-1106)
- Alí ibn Yusuf (1106-1143)
- Tashufín (1143-1145)
Almohads
(al-Muwahhidun) 1150 - 1250
Al-Muwahhidun means "those who affirm the unity of
God".
Rulers
- Abd al-Muminin in al-Andalus (1146-1163)
- Yusuf I (1163-1184)
- Yaqub al-Mansur (1184-1199)
- Muhammad al-Nasir (1199-1213)
- Yusuf II al-Mustansir (1213-1224)
- Abd al-Wahid al-Mailu (1224)
- Abd Allah al-Adil (1224-1227)
- Yahya al-Mutasim bi-Allah (1227-1229)
- Idrís al-Mamun (1227-1232)
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