Muslim Rulers 

The Umayyad state 

Emirs 

• Abd al-Rahman I (755-788)
• Hisham I (788-796)
• Al-Hakam I (796-822)
• Abd al-Rahman II (822-852)
• Muhammad I (852-886)
• Al-Mundir (886-888)
• Abd Allah (888-912)
• Abd al-Rahman III (912-929)

Caliphs  

• Abd al-Rahman III (929-961)
• Al-Hakam II al-Mustansir (961-976)
• Hisham II al-Muayyad (976-1009, 1010-1013)
• Muhammad II al-Mahdi (1008-1010). A great-grand-son of Abd al-Rahman III.  
• Sulayman ibn al-Hakan ibn Sulayman al-Mustain (1009-1010, 1013-1016)
• Alí ibn Hammud (1016-1018)
• Abd al-Rahman IV (1018)
• Al-Qasim ibn Hammud (1018-1021, 1023)
• Yahya ibn Alí ibn Hammud (1021-1023, 1025-1027)
• Abd al-Rahman V (1023-1024)
• Muhammad III (1024-1025)
• Hisham III (1027-1031)

Viziers of note: 

• Muhammad Al-Mansur ibn Abi Amir (976-1002)
• Adb al-Malik Al-Muzaffar (1002-1008)

Taifa Kingdoms 

This is a list of most of the Taifa Kingdoms (Collins, 1983; Fletcher, 1992; Menéndez, 1934; Kennedy, 1996).  I can't guarantee if it is complete.  I've taken the Arabic names for the Tailfas from the excellent Al-Andalus site.     

Albarracin (Sahla Banu Razin)  

The modern name of Albarracin is based on the name of the original rulers.  Also called Santa Maria de Oriente.  

Rulers 

• Banu Razín (1012-1104). Andalusian Berbers of the Hawwara tribe.  
  • Hudayl ibn Jalaf ibn Razin Izz al-Dawla (1012-1044)
  • Abd al-Malik Husam al-Dawla (1044-1103)
  • Yahya Husam al-Dawla (1103-1104)
• Conquered by Murabitun (1104) 

Algeciras (Al Djazira al hadrá)

Rulers 

• Banu Hammud (1013-1055).  Berberised Banu Hammudi princes - descendents of the Prophet (Menéndez, 1934; Kennedy, 1996).  
  • Al-Qasim ibn Hammud (1013-??).  Also ruled Tangier while his brother Ali ruled Ceuta.  
  • ??

  • Muhammad ibn Hammud al-Mahsi (1022-1048)

  • Al-Watiq (1048-1055)

• Annexed by Seville (1055)

Almeria (Al-Mariyya) 

Rulers 

• Banu al-Amiri.  A Slav dynasty.  
  • Khayran al-Amiri (1013-1028)
  • Zuhayr al-Amiri (1028-1038).  

• Annexed by Abd al-Aziz of Valencia (1038-1041)

• Annexed by Banu Tujibi of Zaragoza (1041-1091), who used the Banu Somadih to rule: 
  • Man ibn Muhammad ibn Somadih (1041-1051)
  • Al-Mutasim (1051-1091)
  • Muizz al-Dawla (1091)
• Conquered by Murabitun (1091)

Alpuente (Al-Sahla)

Modern name is Alpuente.  

Rulers 

• Arab Banu Qasim (1008-1092)
  • Abd allah ibn Qasim Nizam al-Dawla (1008-1030)
  • Yumn al-Dawla (1030-1042)
  • Adud al-Dawla ó 'izz al-Dawla (1042-1043)
  • Muhammad (1043-1049)
  • Yanah al-Dawla ó Nizam al-Dawla (1049-1092)
• Conquered by Murabitun

Arcos de la Frontera 

Rulers 

• Banu Khizrun (1011-1069).  Zanata Berbers.  
  • Muhammad ibn Khizrun imad al-Dawla (1011-1029)
  • Abdun (1029-1053)
  • Al-Gaim (1053-1069)
• Annexed by Seville (1069)

Badajos (Batalyaws) 

Rulers 

• Sabur al-Saqlabi (Sabur the Slav) (1012-1022).  The civil governor who continued to wield power when the central government collapsed.  
• Banu Aftas (1022-1094).  Andalusian Berbers 
  • Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn Maslama ibn al-Aftas al-Mansur (1022-1045)
  • Muhammad ibn Abd Allah Al-Muzaffar (1045-1068) 
  • Al-Mansur (1068-1072)
  • Umar ibn Muhammad Al-Mutawakkil (1072-1094)
• Conquered by Murabitun (1094)  

Calatrava 

Arab 

(Fletcher, 1992) 

Carmona (Karmuna) 

Rulers 

• Banu Birzal (1013-1067).  Berbers of the Zanata tribe.
  • Abd Allah ibn Ishaaq al-Birzali (1013-1023)
  • Muhammad ibn abd Allah ibn Birzal (1023-1042)
  • Ishaq (1042-1052)
  • Al-Mustazhir (1052-1067)
• Annexed by Seville (1067) 

Ceuta (Sabta) 

Berber 

Ruled by the Berberised Banu Hammudi princes - descendents of the Prophet (Menéndez, 1934)

Rulers 

• Ali ibn Hammud (1013-??) 

Córdoba (Qurtuba)

Córdoba was a the seat the last vestige of the Umayyad Caliphate before being replaced in 1031 by a republican government under leadership of Andalusian Arab Banu Jahwar. 

Rulers of Republican state 

• Banu Jahwar (1031-1070)
  • Abu hazm Jahwar ibn  Muhammad ibn Jahwar (1031-1043)
  • Muhammad ibn Jahwar al-Rashid (1043-1063)
  • Abd al-Malik ibn Muhammad al-Mansur (1063-1070)
• Annexed by Seville (

Denia (Daniyya)

A Slav  kingdom that included Denia on the mainland and the Balearic Islands.    

Rulers: 

• Mujahid al-Amiri al-Muwaffaq (1014-1044).  A slave who rose to military power under Al-Mansur.   
• Iqbal al-Dawla (1044-1076).  The son of Mujahid al-Amiri.  
• Annexed by Zaragoza (1076-1082)

Granada (Gharnata)

Rulers 

• Banu Ziri (1014-1090). Berbers of the Sanhaja tribal confederation. 
  • Zawi ibn Ziri (1014-1019).  Returned to Africa in 1019.   
  • Habbus ibn Maksan ibn Ziri al-Muzaffar (1019-1038).  Nephew of Zawi.  
  • Badis ibn Habbus (1038-1077)
  • Abd Allah ibn Buluggin ibn Badis (1077-1090) 
• Conquered by Murabitun
•  
• Banu Nasrid (1354-1491) 
  • Muhammad V (1354-1359, 1362-1391) 
  • Yusuf II ibn Muhammad (1391-1392) 
  • Muhammad VII ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (1392-1408) 
  • Yusuf III ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (1408-1417) 
  • Muhammad VIII ibn Yusuf ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (1417-1419, 1427-1429) 
  • Muhammad IX Uthman ibn Nasr ibn Muhammad (1419-1427; 1430-1431)
  • Yusuf (1431-1432, 1432-1445, 1447-1457).  Not a Nasrid.  
  • Muhammad X (1445-1447)  
  • Muhammad XI ibn Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (1448-1454) 
  • Saad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf ibn Muhammad (1454-1462, 1462-1464) 
  • Abu al-Hassan Ali ibn Saad (1464-1485) 
  • Muhammad XII 'Boabdil' ibn Abu al-Hassan (1482-1491) 
  • Muhammad XIII al-Zagalibn Saad  (1485-??).  Uncle and rivil emir of Muhammad XII.  

Heulva (Walba)

Banu Bahris.

Rulers 

• Izz al-Dalwa (1012-1051).  Yahsub Andalusian Arabs.   
• Annexed by Seville (1051) 

Jaen (Djayyan)

Annexed by Seville in 1074 (Fletcher, 1992).

Lerida

Arab

Banu Hud (Menéndez, 1934).

Málaga (Malaka)

Berber.  

Ruled by the Berberised Banu Hammudi princes - descendents of the Prophet.  Initially included Málaga, Tánger, Ceuta and Ronda, and Algeciras.  Algeciras became independent sometime in the reign of Mohamed I.  

Rulers ?? 

• Yahya bin Ali (c.1014-1027)

• Idris I (1027-1039).  Brother of Yahya. 

• Idris II (1039-1055).  Nephew of Idris I.  

• Mohamed I (1046-1053) in Málaga only.  Son of Idris I.   

• Mohamed II (1055 to 1057).  Brother of Mohamed I and 4th son of Idris I.  

• Annexed by Granada.  

Mallorca  

Includes all the Balearic Islands.  

Rulers 

• Annexed by Denia (1014-1044)
• ??
• Independent Amirs (1076-1114) 
  • Abd allah al-Murtada (1076-1093)
  • Mubashir ibn Sulayman (1093-1114)
• Conquered by Catalans (1114-1115) 
• Conquered by Murabitun  

Mértola

Annexed by Seville in 1044 (Fletcher, 1992).

Morón (Mawrur)

Rulers 

• Banu Dammar (1013-1066).  Zanata Berbers 
  • Abu Tuzirí al-Dammar (??-1013)
  • Nuh ibn abí Tuzirí al-Dammar (1013-1041)
  • Izz al-Dawla (1041-1053)
  • Imad al-Dawla (1053-1066)
• Annexed by Seville (1066)

Murcia (Mursiyya) 

Slav then Andalusian Arab. 

Rulers 

• Part of Slav Almeria (1012-1038) 
• Banu Tahir (1038-1063).  Andalusian Arab family.   
  • Abu Bakr ibn Tahir (1038-1063)
  • Abu abd al-Rahman al-Tahir (1063-1078
• Annexed by Seville (1078-1091)
  • Ibn Ammar (1078-1081)
  • Ibn Rasiq (1081-1091)
• Conquered by Murabitun (1091)

Niebla (Labla) 

Rulers 

• Ahmad al-Yahsubí al-Dawla (1023-1041)
• Izz al-Dawla (1041-1051)
• Násir al-Dawla (1051-1053)
• Annexed by Seville (1053)

Ronda (Runda)

Rulers 

• Banu Ifran (1014-1066).  Zanata Berbers.  

  • Abu Mur (1014 or 1016)

  • ??

  • Hilal ibn abí Qura al-Ifran (1039-1053)
  • Badís (1053-1057)
  • Fatuh (1057-1066). Died fighting the Sevillians.   
• Annexed by Seville (1066)

Saltes 

Annexed by Seville in 1051.  

Santa Maria de Algarve 

Andalusian Arab.  

Rulers 

• Said Ibn Harun (1016-1041). 
• Al-muta'sim (1041-1057).  His son.
• Annexed by Seville.  

Seville (Ishbiliya) 

Rulers 

• Triumvirate including Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Abbad (??-1023)
• Banu Abbad (1023-1091).  Andalusian Arab.  
  • Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Abbad (1023-1042)
  • Al-Mutadid, Abbad ibn Muhammad (1042-1069).   
  • Al-Mutamid, Muhammad ibn Abbad (1069-1091).    
• Conquered by Murabitun

Silves (Cheilb) 

Rulers 

• El Hayíbisa ibn Muhammad (??-1040)
• Amid al-Dawla (1040-1048)
• Ísa ibn Muzayn al-Muzaffar (1048-1053)
• Al-Nasir (1053-1058)
• Al-Muzaffar (1058-1063)
• Annexed by Seville (1063)

Toledo (Tulaytula) 

Banu Dhi-I-Nun, Andalusian Berbers of the Hawwara tribe.  

Rulers 

• Yaish ibn Muhamma ibn Yaish al-Qadi (1009-1018).  
• Banu Dhi-I-Nun (1018-1085) 
  • Ismail ibn Dhi-I-Nun (1018-1044)
  • Yahya ibn Ismail al-Mamun (1044-1075).   
  • Yahya ibn Hisham ibn Yahya al-Qadir (1075-1080, 1081-1085) 
• Conquered by Alfonso VI of Castile (1085) 

Tortosa (Turtusha) 

Slav

Rulers 

• Muqatil (??)
• Labib I ó Nabil al-Amiri (??) 
• Muyahid of Denia (??)
• Muqatil (1041-1053)
• Yala (1053-1057)
• Labib II Nabil (1057-1060)
• Annexed by Zaragoza (1060-1082)

Tudela (Tutila) 

Arab

Banu (Menéndez, 1934).   

Valencia  (Balansiyya)

Rulers  

• Slav period 
  • Al-Mubarak (1010-1018).  Local bureaucrat.  
  • Al-Muzzafar (1018-1022).  Another local bureaucrat 
• Abd al-Aziz ibn Sanchuelo ibn al-Mansur (1021-1061) Grandson of Al-Mansur.
• Abd al-Malik (1061-1065)
• Annexed by Al-Mamun of Toledo (1065-1075)
• Abu Bakr ibn abd al-Aziz 1075-1085
• Utman ibn abi Bakr 1085-1086
• Al-Qadir (1086-1092).  Ex-emir of Toledo.
• The qadí ibn Yahhaf (1092-1094)
• El Cid (1094-1102)
• Conquered by Murabitun (1102-1145)
• The qadi Marwan ibn Abd al-Aziz (1145) 
• Ibn Iyad (1145-1146) 
• Sayf al-Dawla ibn Hud al-Mustansir (1146) 
• Muhammad ibn Sad ibn Mardanish (1146-1172)
• Conquered by Almohades 

Zaragoza (Sarakusta) 

Rulers 

• Banu Tujibi (1018-1039).  Local bosses who kept control. 
  • Al-Mundhir I ibn Yahya al-Tujibi (1018-1021)
  • Yahya ibn al-Mundhir (1021-1029)
  • Al-Mundhir II ibn Yahya ibn al-Mundhir (1029-1039)  
  • Adb Allah ibn al-Hakam al-Tjibi (1039)
• Banu Hud (1039-1110).  A rival local family took over.  
  • Al-Mustain I, Sulayman ibn Hud al-Judhami (1039-1049)
  • Ahmad ibn Sulayman al-Muqtadir (1049-1082).  Son of Sulayman.  
  • Yusuf ibn Ahmad al-Mutamin (1082-1085).  Son of Al-Muqtadir.  
  • Al-Mustain II, Ahmad ibn Yusuf (1085-1110)
• Conquered by Murabitun (1110-1118).
• Conquered by Aragonese (1118).  

Moroccan fundamentalists 

Almoravids (al-Murabitun) 1086 - 1147 

The most likely origin of the name al-Murabitun is "band of fighters" based on a line in the Quran.  An alternative meaning is  "dwellers in a ribat (fortress monastery)".   They were also called al-Mulathimun ("the veiled ones") due to their habit of wearing veils that only left their eyes visible.  

Rulers 

• Yusuf ibn Tashufín (1061-1106)
• Alí ibn Yusuf (1106-1143)
• Tashufín (1143-1145)

Almohads (al-Muwahhidun) 1150 - 1250 

Al-Muwahhidun means "those who affirm the unity of God".  

Rulers 

• Abd al-Muminin in al-Andalus (1146-1163)
• Yusuf I (1163-1184)
• Yaqub al-Mansur (1184-1199)
• Muhammad al-Nasir (1199-1213)
• Yusuf II al-Mustansir (1213-1224)
• Abd al-Wahid al-Mailu (1224)
• Abd Allah al-Adil (1224-1227)
• Yahya al-Mutasim bi-Allah (1227-1229)
• Idrís al-Mamun (1227-1232)

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